Geotechnical engineers play a critical role in detecting subsurface voids, which incur significant challenges to the stability and functionality of structures. These hidden cavities can arise from various reasons, such as geological formations, dissolution, or human actions. Utilizing a s

Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical integrity. Accurately locating these voids is fundamental for ensuring the safety of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole analysis, can be expensive and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophy

Cavity characterization plays a crucial role in geotechnical design processes. A thorough understanding of cavity geometry and features is essential for precisely assessing the potential impact on structures . Geotechnical engineers utilize multiple techniques to characterize cavities, in

Geophysical exploration utilizes a crucial role in the identification and evaluation of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and signatures indicative of mineral presence.