Cavity characterization plays a crucial role in geotechnical design processes. A thorough understanding of cavity geometry and features is essential for precisely assessing the potential impact on structures . Geotechnical engineers utilize multiple techniques to characterize cavities, including exploratory drilling . These methods furnish valuabl

Geophysical exploration utilizes a crucial role in the identification and evaluation of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and signatures indicative of mineral presence. These geophysical techniques often involve the measurement o